The 6 Greatest Popes of All Time

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It may surprise you to know that it’s pretty hard to be the pope. This 2,000 year-old line of leaders of the worldwide Catholic Church may be considered infallible when defining doctrine concerning faith and morals, but they are still only human. And they bear an immense responsibility—the spiritual and moral leadership of over a billion human beings.

That’s no small task.

It’s no surprise, then, that some popes, throughout history, have been more up to the task than others, using the power of the papal office to change the Catholic Church for the better.

And even more importantly, some of these men not only changed the Church, but the world, using their historically vast influence to shape the very path of human history.

In light of that, let’s take a look at a few of the best popes of all time, what they accomplished, and how they did it.

Pope Francis

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Jorge Mario Bergoglio, known to the world as Pope Francis, was a breaker of tradition—and he arrived at a time when the Church needed it most.

In an era of growing skepticism toward the Catholic Church due to abuse scandals, corruption, and rising spiritual apathy, Pope Francis brought renewed attention to the faith in a hopeful and healing way.

His deep humility, focus on God’s mercy, and unwavering concern for the poor and oppressed made him one of the most beloved popes in modern history. He championed interfaith dialogue, building bridges with other religious leaders around the world.

From the moment he stepped onto the balcony as the new pope, Francis set a different tone—choosing a name associated with poverty and humility, and asking the crowd to pray for him instead of immediately offering a blessing.

Though Pope Francis has now passed away, his legacy of compassion, service, and spiritual renewal lives on, continuing to inspire millions and offering hope for the future of the Catholic Church.

Pope John Paul II

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Karol J. Wojtyla became the first Polish pope— Pope John Paul II—in October of 1978, and continues to be remembered as one of the most beloved contemporary popes. His theology was second to none, and he took it upon himself to commission an official, modernized declaration of what the Catholic Church believed about God, creation, and humanity.

Not only this, but Pope John Paul II’s letter, “On the Dignity and Vocation of Women,” was groundbreaking—he described women as “the representative and the archetype of the whole human race,” embracing women as full persons rather than second-class citizens of the Church.

In addition to this, he also personally helped bring about the fall of a little something called the Iron Curtain.

Pope John Paul II lived through the Nazi occupation of Poland, witnessing the sufferings of his people during WWII. During his time as pope, he worked to normalize relations with Communist Russia, urging them to bring the Berlin Wall down.

His continued work in promoting the ideals of unity and kindness laid the framework for the eventual breaking of the entire Iron Curtain, and the peaceful reunion of the East and West.

He didn't stop there, though. The drive to save people from inhumanity pushed Pope John Paul II to have a hand in the peaceful fall of several other dictators, for which he is still vividly remembered to this day.

Pope John XXIII

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Born the fourth child in a poor family of fourteen children, Angelo Guiseppe Roncalli would go on to be elected to the papacy in October of 1958. He entered the priesthood at 11, and became Pope John XXIII at age 76.

Very much like Pope Francis, Pope John XXIII was a tradition-breaker, and a man of great mercy, empathy, and kindness. He paused his religious training during WWI to serve as a military chaplain. In WWII, he helped save the lives of Jews fleeing the Holocaust, providing them with transit visas. For this, he was recognized for the “Righteous Among Nations,” award, which recognizes non-Jews who risk their lives to save Jews.

On becoming the pope, he worked hard to improve the relationship between the Catholic Church and other faiths, removing anti-Semitic language from the traditional Good Friday prayer.

Like Pope Francis, Pope John XXIII put the doctrine of God’s love into practice, earnestly working to create peace and unity in whatever sphere he entered.

Pope Pius XII

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Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was elected Pope Pius XII in March of 1939, which placed him squarely in the path of WWII.

Accused by some of taking too neutral a stance during the tragedies of the Holocaust, and indeed—Pope Pius XII did try to stay out of the war which threatened to bring down the Vatican, itself, at least at first. But that didn’t last for long.

He soon openly condemned the Nazis, their violence, and their racist policies in a series of official, public statements, and went on to supervise a rescue network which saved hundreds of thousands of Jews . He also saw that food, aid, and general relief efforts were coordinated for oppressed Jewish populations.

Walking a fine line between Nazi retaliation and secretly aiding the Jewish people, Pope Pius XII risked the very seat of Catholicism in order to aid those in need.

Despite the controversy regarding his initial reluctance to enter the fray, his later decisions, supported by testimonies of Jewish Holocaust survivors, make him one of the greater popes in history.

Pope Innocent III

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Pope Innocent III was, perhaps, the most powerful and qualified man to have held the papacy in history, if not the kindest or most empathetic. But despite his flaws, the Catholic Church may not have survived without him.

An intelligent, learned, and energetic man, Lotario dei Conti di Segni took the papacy in January of 1198, going on exert a huge amount of influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy even over the European kings.

The Catholic Church faced grave challenges during the 12^th century—some of which threatened to dissolve it completely. Pope Innocent III, upon his election, immediately went to work taking on those challenges.

One of the worst challenges lay in the Church’s corruption. Innocent simply wasn’t having it, and made the Church far more rigid in its policies, coming down hard on dissenters—this created an atmosphere that did not permit corruption, but also, unfortunately, did not allow for honest and open criticism.

But it was his reassertion of papal rights and authority that put Pope Innocent III on the map, and he used his influence to coerce monarchs to recognize the supremacy of the Church.

Pope Innocent III’s efforts in developing canon law, promoting administrative centralization, and expanding the Church’s power shaped the life of the Church for subsequent centuries.

Pope Leo I

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Finally, the earliest pope on this list, Pope Leo I was pope from the year 440 to 461, during the dissolution of the Roman Empire.

Pope Leo I is best known for writing the celebrated Tome of Leo, which established the doctrine that Christ’s natures coexist and his Incarnation reveals that human nature is restored to perfect unity with divinity.

In one of the most interesting experiences of his life, Pope Leo I met Attila the Hun in 452, and successfully convinced the barbarian raider to turn back from his invasion of Italy. Attila was, apparently, so impressed with Pope Leo I that he willingly withdrew. After Rome was sacked, anyway, by the Vandals in 455, Pope Leo I assisted in rebuilding the city.

One of his most enduring teachings can be found in his Christmas Day sermon, “Christian, remember your dignity,” in which he articulated a fundamental dignity that is common to all Christians, whether saint or sinner—and the duty to live up to that dignity in goodness, no matter who we are.

A pope who was not interested in power for power’s sake, who resolved disputes, and who clarified the church’s teaching about the dual nature of Jesus Christ, Pope Leo I is truly one of the greats.

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