Associated Press – May 8, 2008
BAD AROLSEN, Germany – A mother and child separated. A father’s war wound. An uncle’s name on a list.
The unrelated and disparate items are among the discoveries made by 40 Jewish genealogists who spent the past week plumbing a trove of Nazi documents made public after 60 years.
For genealogists of Jewish families, the Holocaust is both a tragedy and a black hole, because so many of the 6 million Jewish victims disappeared without a trace. For years, researchers hoping to fill the gaps have longed to dive into the more than 50 million documents held in this German spa town and entrusted to the International Tracing Service, or ITS.

“The Nazis took away our names and gave us numbers. Our role is to take away the numbers and give back the names,” Gary Mokotoff, a genealogist who helped organize the group from Israel, the U.S., Britain and Australia, said Thursday. “There is a wealth of information here.”
For decades after World War II, the files were used only to help find missing persons or document atrocities to support compensation claims. But in November, the last of the 11 countries that govern the archive under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross cleared the way for public access.
Since then, interest has skyrocketed. Erich Oetiker, deputy director of the archive, said while the staff of 400 continue to process some 1,000 tracing requests per day, there are now also near daily visits from historians or individuals eager to trace a lost person’s fate or view an original document.
American genealogist Sallyann Sack suspected for years that the collection held answers to questions about her family.
In the 1980s, she put in a request trying to trace the birth parents of her adopted cousin, who had survived Buchenwald as a 9-year-old boy, then been brought by her aunt and uncle to the United States. A form letter came back saying the search had turned up nothing.
But digging deeper during her time here, Sack was able to cross-reference the birth mother’s second given name and access records of search requests made to the ITS since it opened in 1955 – often detailed letters by individuals who reveal nuggets of family history while seeking a missing loved one.
“I found here that his mother, who was separated from him when he was less than five years old, also had survived,” she said. “She came to the U.S. in the same year that he did, in 1949.” The mother, if alive, would be 93 and Sack presumes she is dead. The cousin is in his 70s and still alive, but Sack asked not to identify him.
“They never found each other,” Sack said of her cousin and his mother, her voice breaking. “If these records had been opened earlier, they might have found each other. I could have found those documents 20 years ago, when she was still alive.”
Oetiker says the archive is in constant contact with the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C., as well as Israel’s Yad Vashem – both of which hold digitized copies of part of the collection – along with the Polish Institute for National Remembrance.
The Washington museum has drawn up a list of more than 150 German words with English translations to help researchers read the documents: Arbeitslager (slave labor camp)… deportiert (deported)… mosaisch (Jewish)… auf der Flucht erschossen (shot while trying to escape).
Next month, a conference of historians is to meet here to map out the archive’s unexplored contents and help determine how best to use the information.
Yet for some, who have struggled to piece together a seamless family picture, even the smallest discoveries can be moving. Tom Weiss of Newton, Mass., found his uncle’s name on a yellowing Gestapo list of Jews arrested in France.
“When you see his name on these original lists it has an emotional impact,” he said. “It sent chills down my back.”
Opening to the public has brought about several key changes – digitization, bright new research rooms, ITS staff eager to share their intimate knowledge of the documents with those seeking and often making a human connection through a find.
Esther Mandelayl, an American who immigrated to Israel two years ago, came to research the fate of Jews from Lublin, Poland. Instead she made an unexpected personal discovery.
Her parents survived the war, but her late father never talked about what happened to him or why he had a long scar down his neck.
But her unusual family name came up on an index card from a displaced persons camp in Italy. It contained detailed information about her father. “It listed every place he had been,” she said – from Russia, to Tashkent, to surviving a shot to his neck by the Nazis by falling into a cellar and being left for dead.
She said she could barely believe it: “I have every answer to all my questions about my father’s story – the scar, everything.”
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On the Net:
International Tracing Service: http://www.its-arolsen.org
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum: http://www.ushmm.org
Yad Vashem: http://www.yadvashem.org
Institute of National Remembrance:
http://www.ipn.gov.pl/wai/en/10/5
A list of terms used to interpret documents:
http://itsrequest.ushmm.org/its/Glossary.pdf
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