
Two scientific studies are being lauded as proof of the historical Adam and Eve. Studies have suggested humanity spawning from a common ancestor, though initially it was believed that such a genetic Adam and Eve still lived hundreds of thousands of years apart. These two new studies, however, suggest that the common XX ancestor and the common XY ancestor may have been living contemporaneously with each other. A team at the University of Sassari, Italy, believes the genetic Adam lived 180,000–200,000 years ago, falling within the timeline of the “Mitochondrial Eve.”
There is also a study suggesting a region known as Mesopotamia could in fact be the site of the biblical Garden of Eden. Today, the area consists of eastern Syria, northwestern Turkey, and most of Iraq. This theory fits with the physical description found in the book of Genesis. “This makes some sense from a textual point of view,” Professor Eric Cline, a classical and biblical archaeologist from George Washington University, wrote in his book, From Eden to Exile. “Not only does the biblical account say that the garden lay ‘in the east,’ meaning to the east of Israel, but it also mentions the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in connection with the Garden of Eden.” The Kalahari Desert in Africa has been another place suggested as the birthplace of humanity, with a study tracing the oldest female lineages to that site. “We’ve known for a long time that humans originated in Africa and roughly 200,000 years ago. But what we hadn’t known until this study was where, exactly this homeland was,” wrote study author Vanessa Hayes of the University of Sydney.
Such studies, if true, would potential counter some of the information given in the creation account given in Genesis 1 and 2, making it more of an allegorical account than literal. Some biblical scholars, such as William Lane Craig, have tried to fit a historical Adam and Eve within the approved scientific timelines of mainstream science, trying to suggest that Adam and Eve lived possibly as far back as a million years ago, making them a class separate from homo sapiens. “Adam and Eve may plausibly be identified as belonging to the last common ancestor of Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals, usually denominated Homo heidelbergensis. Adam plausibly lived sometime between around 1 million years ago to 750,000 years ago, a conclusion consistent with the evidence of population genetics,” wrote Craig.
Other biblical scholars, such as Ken Ham and his Answers in Genesis (AIG) ministry, approach the biblical accounts in Genesis much more literally, and suggest a much earlier timeline for the earth and humanity in general. Known as “Young Earth Creationism,” this view rejects an “Old Earth” view and suggests the earth to be somewhere around 6,000 years old based on genealogies found in the Bible and a critical stance against certain scientific dating methods such as carbon dating. “Adam and Eve were real people,” AIG insists. “Throughout the years, opponents to the historicity of Adam and Eve have challenged the biblical record on several fronts. Even Christians, including Bible college and seminary professors, have argued against a historical Adam and Eve. Often because of evolutionary thought, many claim they were mythological or allegorical figures with no basis in actual history.” The ministry includes scientists who show how genetic data can be interpreted along the lines of a literal, biblical perspective. AIG asserts that a real Adam and Eve is “important.” If you deny a real Adam and real Eve, many of the doctrines in the Bible (including the gospel) would be incoherent. On many occasions, New Testament authors connect a historic Adam and Eve to foundational doctrine and it does not make sense if Adam and Eve were mythological.”