{"id":5638,"date":"2008-08-13T06:07:03","date_gmt":"2008-08-13T06:07:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.beliefnet.com\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/hebrews-121824-you-have-come-t.html"},"modified":"2008-08-13T06:07:03","modified_gmt":"2008-08-13T06:07:03","slug":"hebrews-121824-you-have-come-t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/hebrews-121824-you-have-come-t.html","title":{"rendered":"Hebrews 12:18-24: &#8220;You Have Come to Mount Zion&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is the exegetical paper I wrote for General Epistles and Revelation. It is the only exegetical paper that I&#8217;ve written at Westminster that I&#8217;ve actually loved. I loved the whole experience of writing it. I love the passage, I enjoyed researching it and I enjoyed writing the paper. I was pleased when I received an A- for it because I worked the hardest on it than I have for any other paper. I had more than enough time to research it and I had more than enough time to write it. I was more organized than I ever was before and since \ud83d\ude42 I had the class with a church history class, Ancient Church and I didn&#8217;t have any papers in that class so it made it so much easier to concentrate on writing only one paper. I didn&#8217;t have to divide my time between the two papers as I had to do in so many other classes (or when I had to write digests, dividing my time between four papers).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"><meta name=\"ProgId\" content=\"Word.Document\"><meta name=\"Generator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 12\"><meta name=\"Originator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 12\"><link rel=\"File-List\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CUsers%5CMichele%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\"><link rel=\"themeData\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CUsers%5CMichele%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx\"><link rel=\"colorSchemeMapping\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CUsers%5CMichele%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml\"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument>  <w:View>Normal<\/w:View>  <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom>  <w:TrackMoves\/>  <w:TrackFormatting\/>  <w:PunctuationKerning\/>  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In Hebrews 12:18-24 thistheme reaches a climax as the author compares the old covenant symbolized bythe<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>terrifying theophany of Mount Sinaiwith the new covenant symbolized by the joyful celebration of Mount Zion. 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1.0in;\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\tmso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1\t{page:Section1;}--><\/style>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n<style> \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\tmso-style-priority:99;\tmso-style-qformat:yes;\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\tmso-para-margin:0in;\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\tfont-size:10.0pt;\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";}<\/style>\n\n<![endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>The Text in the Context of Hebrews 12<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">In Hebrews 11 theauthor exhorts the believers to persevere in their faith in Jesus Christ byproviding them with the witness of the faith of the Old Testament saints, thoughthey persevered in faith they did not receive &#8220;what was promised&#8221; (v. 39) sinceGod would not perfect them &#8220;apart from us&#8221; (v. 40). He then exhorts them toremember this cloud of witnesses and to put aside their sin and run withendurance the race that is set before them and look to Christ the &#8220;founder andperfecter&#8221; (12:2) of their faith. This leads to an encouragement to perseverein holiness, to follow the example of Christ and not to commit the same erroras Esau <span style=\"\">who did not value his inheritancebut sold his &#8220;birthright for a single meal&#8221; (v. 15).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\">This sets the stage for Hebrews 12:18-24 as theauthor compares the terrible theophany of Sinai with the joy of <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:place><\/st1:city> as a way of persuadingthe reader to persevere in the faith and not reject has been offered to them inthe new covenant to return to the old covenant. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>Hebrews 12:18-21 in Light of <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Mount Sinai<\/st1:place><o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The first verse ofthis periscope sets the comparison between the physical reality of Mount Sinaiand the spiritual reality of <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Mount<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[1]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> whenthe author states that the believers &#8220;have not come to what may be touched.&#8221; Eventhough he does not name Mount Sinai as the place that they have come to or evenused <i style=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">o;rei<\/span><\/i> as adesignation, it is clear from the description that it is Mount Sinai andIsrael&#8217;s encounter with God that he is describing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">It is unclearwhich particular text the author is referring to, possible texts include:Exodus 19:12-22; 20:18-21; Deuteronomy 4:9-24; 5:22-27; 9:19. Ellingworthsuggests that the &#8220;meteorological features of Heb. 12:18 are found in Dt. 4:11,which has an exact parallel in 5:22.&#8221;<span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"> <a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\" title=\"\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[2]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span> Inv.19 the author appears to have switched to Exodus 19:12-22.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Lane sees a link between the use of <i style=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">proselhlu,qate<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\"> <\/span>in v. 18 and22 and in Deuteronomy 4:11 LXX where Moses reminds the Israelites of theirencounter with God at <st1:place w:st=\"on\">Mount Sinai<\/st1:place>. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The authordescribes the Sinai experience in the language of judgment: a blazing fire,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[3]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>darkness,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[4]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>gloom,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[5]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and tempest.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[6]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Theauthor&#8217;s language underscores the very nature of the presence of God who comesas a judge<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[7]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> toensure that his people learned to fear him so that they would not sin (Ex.20:20). <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The sound of thetrumpet was to assemble the people of God to his presence (Ex. 19:13) but in19:16, it causes them to fear and in 19:19 the sound of the trumpet grew louderand became part of the experience of God speaking to his people. The sound ofthe trumpet plays a significant part on the day of the Lord when God assembleshis people. <a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[8]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Along with thesound of the trumpet was the sound of words. In Deuteronomy 4:12 Moses remindsthe Israelites of their encounter with God on Sinai, who spoke to them from thefire and they &#8220;heard the sound of words, but saw no form; there was only avoice.&#8221; This image is replicated by the author of Hebrews. Gloom, darkness, atempest, the sound of a trumpet and words mark the encounter with God butsurprisingly there is no mention of God himself. God is hidden, he is not &#8220;unambiguouslypresent at Sinai.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[9]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Theauthor paints a picture of an encounter with God that is vague and undefined.The words convey terror and obscurity, not revelation.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[10]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The writers&#8217; choice of words &#8220;conveys animpression of an overwhelming of the senses by the presence of the God who isunapproachable in his holiness.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[11]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Overwhelmed thepeople begged<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[12]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8220;thatno further word be spoken to them.&#8221; They understood his holiness and it madethem realize that it was too great to bear.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>This point is underscored by the fact that what God declared to them was&#8221;his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, that is, the TenCommandments&#8221; (Deut. 4:13). God&#8217;s law was too great to bear, his holiness asrevealed in the commandments and even in the commandment to stone the wildbeast, according to the author, filled them with such dread that they begged that&#8221;no further words be spoken to them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Even Moses was notimmune to the atmosphere of terror and states, &#8220;I am terrified and trembling.&#8221; <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> and itscovenant mediator share in the awe and terror of the holiness of God.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>This verse presents the reader with a problemsince there is no record of Moses saying this in the Sinai account recorded inExodus 19-20 or in Deuteronomy 4-5. The only place that mentions that he wasfearful is in Deuteronomy 9:19 where Moses fears God&#8217;s wrath against the makersof the golden calf with the author of Hebrews adding <i style=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">kai. e;ntromoj<\/span><\/i> which is missing from the LXX.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[13]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>This is considered one of the possible solutions to the dilemma of where thispassage came from.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The author could haveincluded it to reinforce his message of judgment that Sinai represented. Mosesfears God&#8217;s wrath against the people, just as the people fear God&#8217;s wrath attheir encounter with him at Sinai, to the author of Hebrews this fearrepresents the same thing: fear of God&#8217;s judgment and the reality of hisholiness being too great to bear.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Luther believedthat since Moses was terrified before God at the burning bush and before Godparted the Red Sea he could be terrified and it not be recorded because of &#8220;hisoffice as legislature, so that it would not be said that the giver of the lawwas terrified by the law.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[14]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Aquinas offered two solutions to the problem: it could either be referring toMoses at the burning bush in Exodus 3 or Paul is referring to a passage that isno longer extant.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[15]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Faber Stapulensis believed that the &#8220;translator of Hebrews who misunderstoodMoses statement in Exodus 20:20 (&#8216;Do not fear&#8217;) to be a reference to Moseshimself.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[16]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> AndEramus believed that there was nothing in Exodus 3 or 20 that would support theauthor&#8217;s attribution to Moses and thought along with Jerome that thisundermines authorship of Paul since it references things in the OT that are notthere.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[17]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Calvin believed that as the representative of <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> before God, Moses shared intheir terror. F. F. Bruce saw the closest parallel in Deut. 9:19 and Stephen&#8217;sspeech in Acts 7:32 he also thought that the author of Hebrews might have beenfamiliar with a &#8220;haggadic account of the Sinai theophany which made explicitmention of Moses&#8217; fear and trembling on this occasion too.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[18]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Ellingworth sees it as a fusion of the&#8221;different aspects of the Sinai narrative.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[19]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Regardless of thesource, the point of the author is clear: the mediator of the old covenantshared in the fear of judgment and the holiness of God of those he represented.Though Moses could approach God and touch the mountain without being stoned, hestill understood that God was a &#8220;consuming fire&#8221; (Deut. 4:24).<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Moses&#8217; fear is the climax of the passage andin it is revealed the experience of those under the old covenant was one offear of the judgment of God. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\"><b style=\"\"><u>Mount<\/u><\/b><\/st1:placetype><b style=\"\"><u> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename>,the Heavenly <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city><o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">In contrast to thisfear, the believers are encouraged to reflect on what they have received in thenew covenant.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>What they now have cannotbe touched as the Israelites were able to &#8220;touch,&#8221; but it is superior since ithas a better mediator, One who is not afraid, who does not tremble and it is aholier location, heaven itself.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The reference to <st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Mount<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename>should have been familiar to the Jewish readers and those Gentiles, who hadread the Old Testament since it was where David built his royal residence,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[20]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>installed the ark of the covenant <a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[21]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and where Solomon built the <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">temple<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place>.<span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"> <\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Mount<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place>became to be known as the dwelling place of God.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[22]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>The phrases &#8220;<st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Mount<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename>,&#8221; &#8220;the city of the living God&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[23]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and &#8220;<st1:city w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:city>&#8220;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[24]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>is used synonymously since <st1:city w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:city> was builton <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Mount<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place> and two are linked together in manyverses.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[25]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><st1:city w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:city> and <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city> were used todesignate the people of God<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[26]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and it was used to represent the eschatological age of salvation.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[27]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>There are many aspects of this: the eschatological reign of God, theeschatological glory of <st1:city w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:city> which willbecome the capital and religious center and will be secure from its enemies,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[28]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>the grace and forgiveness of God who washes away the sins of <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[29]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and the &#8220;great pilgrimage to the temple on <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:city w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:city><\/st1:place>.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[30]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>The Old Testament has many references to <st1:city w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:city>and <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>that may have been in the mind of the recipients when they came to this verse.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[31]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Added to thesymbolism found in the Old Testament is the symbolism found in the teaching ofsecond <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">temple<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Judaism<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place>. The author no doubt had it inmind when he wrote Hebrews and would have expected the recipients to as well. Therewas a shifting of the focus of the <st1:city w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:city>temple as the presence of God (since it had been defiled and destroyed) to aheavenly <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>and temple which the earthly one was but a copy. It is not be hard to see thatthis is very similar to how the author of Hebrews viewed <st1:city w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:city>,the heavenly <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[32]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">With this in mindthe reader comes to Hebrews with an understanding that they have come to whathas been promised to the people of God: they will dwell in the house of theLord forever. They have come to his holy mountain, to the very <st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">temple<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename>,the heavenly <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>.This should have filled the first century reader with awe, not in the terrorand dread of <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>as it approached a holy and terrifying God but in the awe of one who is able toenter the very presence of God.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The believers havecome to myriads<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[33]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> ofangels in festal gathering, a large celebration of the angels who worship God.The author may have had the myriads of angels at Sinai (Deut. 33:2) in mind asa contrast to the angels gathered around the throne of God in celebration<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[34]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">They have come to&#8221;the assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven.&#8221; The term, <span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">evkklhsi,a|<\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>was used by Stephen of the assembly of thepeople at Sinai<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[35]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> and theword is used in Deuteronomy 4:10, 9:10 and 18:16 to describe Sinai as a &#8220;day ofassembly.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[36]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> In theOld Testament God calls <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region>his firstborn<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[37]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> all ofthe firstborn of <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region>belonged to God<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[38]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> and theLevites were set apart as priest to take the place of the firstborn of <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[39]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Therefore it could be said that <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>under Moses could be considered the assembly of the firstborn but now thatdesignation has been transferred to the church.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[40]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Throughout the New Testament <span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">evkklhsi,a|<\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>is used to represent those who believe in Jesus Christ.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[41]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Jesus is called the firstborn among many brothers<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[42]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and the firstborn from the dead.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[43]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Through union with Christ the believers are heirs with Christ.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[44]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">In Numbers 3:40God tells Moses to number all the firstborn sons of <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> which was an enrollment<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[45]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>on earth.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[46]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And in Exodus 32:32 Moses referred to theGod&#8217;s book in which God&#8217;s people are enrolled (their names are written).<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[47]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>In Luke 10:20 Jesus tells the disciples torejoice that their names are written in heaven.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[48]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>It is clear from these passages that those who are the &#8220;firstborn enrolled inheaven&#8221; are those who are in union with Christ, those who by faith awaited thepromises to be fulfilled (Hebrews 11) and those who have come to Mount Zion (v.22).<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The believers havealso come to &#8220;God the judge of all.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[49]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>The God of Sinai came as a judge and thepeople were afraid, the believers have come to a judge but they do not need tofear.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>There is no warning not toapproach, no one will be stoned if they touch God&#8217;s holy mountain. They canapproach because Christ made atonement for them as a priest. The contrastbetween the covenants could not be clearer, why fall back to the old covenantwith its terrifying encounter with God?<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Since God is the judge of all, it would make sense to be in the covenantthat offers salvation from the coming wrath of God<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">And the believershave come to the &#8220;spirits<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[50]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>of the righteous made perfect.&#8221; This may refer to the Old Testament saints whoare now made perfect (referring to 11:40) with the New Testament believers whohave died before the return of Christ.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The believers havecome &#8220;to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant.&#8221; The author has mentioned thatChrist is the mediator of the new covenant previously (<span style=\"\">9:15)<\/span> and that the new covenant is a better covenant (8:6). The oldcovenant was provisional but the new covenant is eternal. Why would they whatto turn to a covenant that was fading away? Christ ushered in a new covenant&#8221;so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance&#8221;(9:15).<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And why would they want to turnback to Moses who trembled in fear, he understood that a holy God will punishthose who break his covenant. Christ calls the believers to boldly approach Godsince he has prepared the way.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>And finally they have come to the &#8220;sprinkledblood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.&#8221;<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Under the old covenant Moses sprinkled theblood of an animal to purify the tabernacle and the people (9:18-22) but thesprinkled blood could not take away the sins of the people (10:4, 11). Underthe new covenant Christ&#8217;s blood has been shed for the remission of sins (Luke22:20), so that the believer may freely enter the presence of God (Heb. 10:19).<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The comparisonwith Christ&#8217;s blood is not with the old covenant but with the blood ofAbel.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>In Genesis 4:10 Abel&#8217;s blood criedout to the Lord and in Hebrews 11:4 though Abel has died he still speaks. ButChrist&#8217;s blood speaks &#8220;a better word&#8221; than Abel&#8217;s blood. Both Christ and Abeldied at the hands of unrighteous men who were jealous of them. Abel&#8217;s bloodcried out for vengeance but Christ&#8217;s blood was offered for forgiveness.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>It speaks a better word because it has moreto offer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>Conclusion<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">After readingHebrews 12:18-24 the recipients of the letter cannot say that they were notwarned. &#8220;God&#8217;s people now must be still holier than in the days of Moses,because they stand in a yet holier place than Sinai.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[51]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Theyhave not come to Sinai, they have come to heaven and since they have done sothey are under a greater weight of judgment.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>They have come to the heavenly <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>and if they reject it and turn back to what is passing away, there is nothingthat will save them when they come to the court of God when Christ returns tojudge the living and the dead.<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\"><br style=\"page-break-before: always;\" clear=\"all\" \/><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>Appendix<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"\">Hebrews 12:18<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"> Ouv ga.r proselhlu,qate yhlafwme,nw|kai. kekaume,nw| puri. kai. gno,fw| kai. zo,fw| kai. que,llh| <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">For you have not come to what may be touched and a blazingfire, darkness, gloom and a tempest<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">19 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>kai. sa,lpiggoj h;cw| kai. fwnh\/| r`hma,twn(h-j oi` avkou,santej parh|th,santo mh. prosteqh\/nai auvtoi\/j lo,gon( <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">and the sound of a trumpet and the sound of words which madethe hearers beg that no further word be spoken to them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">20 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>ouvk e;feron ga.r to. diastello,menon\\ ka&#8217;nqhri,on qi,gh| tou\/ o;rouj( liqobolhqh,setai\\ <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">For they could not endure the order that was given, &#8220;If evena wild beast touches the mountain it shall be stoned.&#8221; <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">21 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>kai,( ou[tw fobero.n h=n to. fantazo,menon(Mwu?sh\/j ei=pen\\ e;kfobo,j eivmi kai. e;ntromoj\u00c3\u2026 <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\">Indeedso terrifying was the sight that Moses said, &#8220;I am terrified and trembling.&#8221;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">22 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>avlla. proselhlu,qate Siw.n o;rei kai. po,leiqeou\/ zw\/ntoj( VIerousalh.m evpourani,w|( kai. muria,sin avgge,lwn( panhgu,rei <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\">Butyou have come to <st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Mount<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Zion<\/st1:placename> and to the city of the living God, the heavenly <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:city w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:city><\/st1:place> and to myriadsof angels in festal gathering <span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">23 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>kai. evkklhsi,a| prwtoto,kwn avpogegramme,nwnevn ouvranoi\/j kai. krith\/| qew\/| pa,ntwn kai. pneu,masi dikai,wnteteleiwme,nwn <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\">andto the assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God thejudge of all and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect <span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">24 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>kai. diaqh,khj ne,aj mesi,th| VIhsou\/ kai.ai[mati r`antismou\/ krei\/tton lalou\/nti para. to.n {Abel\u00c3\u2026<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b style=\"\"><u><o:p><span style=\"text-decoration: none;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant and to thesprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.<b style=\"\"><u><o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear=\"all\" \/><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" align=\"left\"><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn1\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[1]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Laneprovides a response to the charge of Platonic dualism that some see in thecontrast between the physical and spiritual mountains.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><st1:street w:st=\"on\"><st1:address w:st=\"on\">William  L. Lane<\/st1:address><\/st1:street>, <i style=\"\">Hebrews9-13<\/i>, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 47 (Dallas: Word Books, 1991), 461<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn2\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[2]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> PaulEllingworth, <i style=\"\">The Epistle to the Hebrews<\/i>(Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1980), 671<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn3\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[3]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Blazingfire is used to describe God&#8217;s judgment in Psalm 21:9 and Ezekiel 20:47 and ofhis final judgment, the lake of fire in Revelation 21:8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn4\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[4]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Godsending his judgment in the form of darkness (Exodus 10:22, Isaiah 13:10; 60:2;Ezekiel 30:18-19; 32:7; Joel 2:1-2, 31; Amos 8:9; Nahum 1:8; Zephaniah 1:15;Revelation 16:10) and in a description of hell itself (Matt. 8:12; 22:13;25:30; 2 Pet. 2:4, 17; Jude 6, 13).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn5\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[5]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Used todescribe hell in 2 Peter 2:4, 17; Jude 1:6, 13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn6\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[6]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Tempestis used in the following judgment passages: Psalm 50:3; Isaiah 28:2; Isaiah 29:6;Jeremiah 11:16; 23:19; 25:32; 30:23 and Amos 1:14.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn7\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[7]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> The dayof the Lord described in Joel 2:1-3, Zephaniah 1:5, and Amos 5:20 sounds verysimilar to the language used here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn8\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[8]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Joel2:1; Matthew 24:31; 1 Corinthians 15:52; 1 Thessalonians 4:16<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn9\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[9]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Lane, 460<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn10\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[10]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Thoughit could be argued that the reaction of the Israelites to the presence of Godmeant that God did reveal his holiness and the judgment that was to come ifthey violated his laws (Exodus 20:20).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn11\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[11]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Lane,461<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn12\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[12]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Thoughsome scholars believe the verb should be translated &#8220;they rejected&#8221; or &#8220;theyrefused&#8221; Lane notes that &#8220;when the verb signifies &#8216;to disregard&#8217; or &#8216;toreject,&#8217; it is followed by the accusative.&#8221; Lane, 462<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn13\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[13]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Lane,464<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn14\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[14]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Kenneth Hagen, <i style=\"\">ATheology of Testament in the Young Luther: The Lectures on Hebrews<\/i>,(Leiden:Brill, 1974), 28<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn15\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[15]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Hagen<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>, 28<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn16\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[16]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Hagen<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>, 28-29<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn17\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[17]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Hagen<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>, 29<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn18\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[18]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> F.F.Bruce, <i style=\"\">The Epistle to the Hebrews<\/i>, (<st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Grand Rapids<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>: Wm. B.Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1964), 372<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn19\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[19]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ellingworth, 676<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn20\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[20]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> 2 Sam.5:6-9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn21\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[21]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> 2 Sam.6:12-17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn22\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[22]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Pss.2:6; 9:11; 74:2; 76:2; 87:2; 99:2; 132:13-14; 135:21; <span style=\"\">Isaiah 8:18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn23\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[23]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> This isthe only place in the Bible were this phrase is used.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn24\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[24]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> This isthe only place in Scriptures where the phrase &#8220;heavenly <st1:city w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:city>&#8220;is used but the concept of an eternal <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jerusalem<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>can be found in Isaiah 65 and Revelation 21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn25\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[25]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> 1 Kings8:1; 2 Kings 19:21; 19:31; Pss 51:18; 135:21; Isaiah 2:3; <span style=\"\">4:3; 10:12; 24:23,etc.and in Psalm 87:1f &#8220;On the holy mount stands the city he founded&#8221; and Psalm46:4 &#8220;make glad the city of God, the holy habitation of the Most High.&#8221;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn26\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[26]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ps.97:8; Jer. 1:3; 4:11; 51:35; Isa 40:2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn27\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[27]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> G.Fohrer, &#8220;<i style=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">Siw,n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"\">,<\/span>&#8220;<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>in G. Kittle and G. Friedrich (eds.), <i style=\"\">Theological Dictionary of the New Testament<\/i> vol. VII, 312. Examplesof<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>verses in support: Isaiah 46:13; 52:7;<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Zechariah 8:15;<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Micah 4:7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn28\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[28]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Fohrer,315<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn29\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[29]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Fohrer315<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn30\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[30]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Fohrer316<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn31\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[31]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Formore on the Zion symbolism found in the Old Testament see the Fohrer articlereferenced above or Kiwoong Son, &#8220;<i style=\"\">ZionSymbolism in Hebrews,<\/i>&#8221; (Waynesboro:Paternoster, 2005 ) <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn32\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[32]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> SeeSon, 51-63 for an extensive listing of sources and the parallels between second<st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">temple<\/st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Judaism<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place> and Hebrews.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn33\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[33]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> 10,000or an undefined number<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn34\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[34]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Rev.5:11<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn35\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[35]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Acts7:38<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn36\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[36]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> PhilipE. Hughes, <i style=\"\">A Commentary on the Epistle tothe Hebrews<\/i>, (<st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Grand Rapids<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977), 547<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn37\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[37]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ex.4:22<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn38\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[38]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ex.13:2-15; 22:29<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn39\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[39]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Num.3:12 <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn40\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[40]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Hughes,548<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn41\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[41]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Acts8:1; 1 Cor. 1:2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn42\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[42]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Rom.8:29<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn43\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[43]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Col.1:18; Rev. 1:5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn44\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[44]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Rom.8:17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn45\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[45]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Theonly other place <i style=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">avpogra,fw<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\"> <\/span><span style=\"\">is used is in Luke 2 ofCaesar Augustus&#8217; census (<\/span><i style=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">avpografh\/j<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\"> <\/span><span style=\"\">is used in Acts 5:37)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn46\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[46]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Hughes,548<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn47\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[47]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Psalm69:28 refers to &#8220;the book of the living&#8221; and Daniel 12:1 to &#8220;the book&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn48\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[48]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Paulrefers to those &#8220;whose names are in the book of life&#8221; (Phil. 4:3). John refersto the &#8220;book of life&#8221; in Revelation (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn49\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[49]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Thiscan be translated &#8220;to a judge who is God of all&#8221; since it is the word order.&#8221;God the judge of all&#8221; is the translation used in the ESV, KJV, NAU, NAS, NIV,and NJB.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn50\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[50]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Theterm spirits refers to &#8220;a current designation of the souls of men separatedform their bodies, prior to the resurrection,&#8221; Spicq quoted in Hughes, 549.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"ftn51\">\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[51]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ellingworth, 670<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\">&#8220;BWHEBB, BWHEBL, BWTRANSH [Hebrew]; BWGRKL, BWGRKN, and BWGRKI [Greek]Postscript\u00c2\u00ae Type 1 and TrueTypeT fonts Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 1994-2006 BibleWorks, LLC.All rights reserved. These Biblical Greek and Hebrew fonts are used withpermission and are from BibleWorks, software for Biblical exegesis and research.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the exegetical paper I wrote for General Epistles and Revelation. It is the only exegetical paper that I&#8217;ve written at Westminster that I&#8217;ve actually loved. I loved the whole experience of writing it. I love the passage, I enjoyed researching it and I enjoyed writing the paper. I was pleased when I received&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,402],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-christianity","category-religion-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hebrews 12:18-24: &quot;You Have Come to Mount Zion&quot; - Reformed Chicks Blabbing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/hebrews-121824-you-have-come-t.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hebrews 12:18-24: &quot;You Have Come to Mount Zion&quot; - Reformed Chicks Blabbing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is the exegetical paper I wrote for General Epistles and Revelation. 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