{"id":5635,"date":"2008-08-11T00:16:14","date_gmt":"2008-08-11T00:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.beliefnet.com\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html"},"modified":"2008-08-11T00:16:14","modified_gmt":"2008-08-11T00:16:14","slug":"luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html","title":{"rendered":"Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is my exegetical paper for Gospels. I wrote it at the same time I wrote an exegetical paper for Old Testament History and Theology which I won&#8217;t be posting since I was very disappointed with it. I had great hopes for it and parts of it were really pretty good but I punted on the&nbsp; Biblical theology section, I really should have been bolder but I went in the obvious direction and my paper lacked coherence. (since it was going somewhere and I detoured it).&nbsp; So, it will never see the light of day unless I do some extensive editing (which apparently will never happen). It was the story of Hagar in the wilderness, a passage I think says a lot about God&#8217;s care for the Gentiles even though they weren&#8217;t his covenant people. I also thought the passage was interesting in light of the parallels in the story of Hagar and the story of Israel: oppression at the hand of their masters and God&#8217;s care in the wilderness are themes shared by both. And the interesting reversal of fortunes: the descendants of the oppressor are oppressed by the people (Egyptians) of the slave girl. Maybe I&#8217;ll look at it again during my break, if I edit it, I might post it when I return to blogging.<\/p>\n<p>This paper suffers from what all my exegetical papers suffer from, I wrote it the week it was due, I did not edit it enough and it lacks cohesion. I think that you can see some improvement in my introduction but I didn&#8217;t write the paper I intended to write. Oh well, at least I can learn from my mistakes and hopefully write a better paper for my next class. 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}<\/style>\n\n<![endif]--><\/p>\n<style><!-- \/* Font Definitions *\/ @font-face\t{font-family:\"Cambria Math\";\tpanose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;\tmso-font-charset:0;\tmso-generic-font-family:roman;\tmso-font-pitch:variable;\tmso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\t{mso-style-unhide:no;\tmso-style-qformat:yes;\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\tmargin:0in;\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\tfont-size:12.0pt;\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}.MsoChpDefault\t{mso-style-type:export-only;\tmso-default-props:yes;\tfont-size:10.0pt;\tmso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;\tmso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;}@page Section1\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\tmargin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\tmso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1\t{page:Section1;}--><\/style>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n<style> \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\tmso-style-priority:99;\tmso-style-qformat:yes;\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\tmso-para-margin:0in;\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\tfont-size:10.0pt;\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";}<\/style>\n\n<![endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>Introduction<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">When Jesus toldthe disciples the Parable of the Unjust Judge, he knew that they would havecertain presuppositions about how the widow was to be tried in the land ofIsrael, about what was expected of the judge and what they expected when theMessiah ushered in the kingdom of God.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>The Scriptures are filled with statutes on the treatment of the widowand exhortations to the judges in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> to be fair and impartial andnot to withhold justice and the Scriptures are filled with what type of kingdomthe Messiah would usher in, it would be one where righteousness dwelled.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>But this parable turns these expectations ontheir head and forces the disciples to think of God and his kingdom in a newway and it also forced them to think of their obligation to God in a new way aswell.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The purpose ofthis paper is to examine the parable in light of these presuppositions and touse that to shape an interpretation that would be applicable to the churchuniversal.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>As well as examining some ofthe interpretative issues related to this parable.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; 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es;\tmso-endnote-continuation-separator:url(\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Michele\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/msohtmlclip1\/01\/clip_header.htm\") ecs;}@page Section1\t{size:8.5in 11.0in;\tmargin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;\tmso-header-margin:.5in;\tmso-footer-margin:.5in;\tmso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1\t{page:Section1;}--><\/style>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n<style> \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\tmso-style-priority:99;\tmso-style-qformat:yes;\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\tmso-para-margin:0in;\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\tfont-size:10.0pt;\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";}<\/style>\n\n<![endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>The Text in Context and Interpretation Issues<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">In the passagesimmediately preceding the parable (Luke 17:20-37), the Pharisees ask Jesus whenthe <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">kingdom<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place> will come and he tells them that thekingdom is within their grasp. To the disciples he explains that they shouldnot be fooled by those who say that he has returned.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>His return will be obvious, like lighteningin the sky and a corpse with vultures circling, and sudden like in the days ofNoah and Lott.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Also, in this passage,Jesus states that they will desire to see &#8220;one of the days of the Son of Man,&#8221;but will not see it.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[i]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> It is inthis context that Jesus tells them the parable of the unjust judge and thepersistent widow. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Jesus begins the parable by giving thedisciples its meaning: they should always pray and not lose heart.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>They are to pray repeatedly, not all day<span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"> <a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[ii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span>and Luke&#8217;s use of <span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">dei\/<\/span> makes it &#8220;a moralimperative.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[iii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> This needfor prayer has clear reference to Jesus&#8217; delay in returning.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Though his return will be sudden and obvious,and though they long to see it, they will not, so they need to pray so as not tolose hope. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Though there may be a sensethat persistence in prayers is applicable,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[iv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>losing sight of the main point does disservice to the text.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The point of the prayer is for vindication,for justice<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[v]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>that only a just judge can give, it&#8217;s similar to the prayer in Revelation ofthe saints under the altar who cry out &#8220;how long before you will judge andavenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[vi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>It&#8217;s a prayer to God to give them the strength to persevere in their suffering;to continue in the faith<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[vii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>until Jesus returns; to not stop crying for justice even when the wickedprosper, and to pray for those who are being persecuted for the sake of thekingdom.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Praying without ceasing thatGod&#8217;s kingdom would come, so that they may receive what they reverently desire,to live in righteousness and justice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The parableconsists of two characters, an unjust judge and a persistent widow and anunseen third character that is the impetus for the widow&#8217;s actions, he is heradversary and she goes to the judge to receive justice against him.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>In a society where the Torah is taken seriously,it would be expected that the widow would receive justice because the judgewould know from Scripture that dispensing justice to widows was expected ofhim.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And that Scriptures contain manypassages where the Lord speaks of his special care of the widow and of hisdesire for the widows to receive justice.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>But this judge is not interested in dispensing justice; he just wantsher to leave him alone. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>He does not fearGod or respect man, so the Scriptures would hold no sway over him. Thisdescription of him has lead some to assume that judge was a Roman judge butBock states that the Romans did not insert themselves into local disputesunless it involved capital punishment.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[viii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>On reflection<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[ix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> thejudge decides to grant the widow&#8217;s petition since he knew she would continuecoming to him and wearing him down. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Thetext could also be translated literally, &#8220;blacken the face,&#8221; or &#8220;a blow underthe eye&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[x]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>which many take to mean that the judge did not want her to damage hisreputation but as noted, but daily believes that &#8220;respect&#8221; can be translated&#8221;shame,&#8221; the judge &#8220;does not feel shame before men.&#8221;<span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"> <a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\" title=\"\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And if this is correct, then the judge wouldnot be concerned about his reputation since he feels no shame.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Bailey translates it as &#8220;lest she give me aheadache!&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Green makes the point that Jesus may havewanted to impress upon the disciples that in the quest for justice there may bea need to act &#8220;outside the script proved by an unjust world.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xiii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The judge concedesto her request because it is in his best interest to do so. His interest ingiving the widow justice is self-serving, he only cares that she will continueto harass him, he does not desire to do what is right, he only wants to do whatis expedient.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Jesus then tells thedisciples that they should listen to what the unjust judge says.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xiv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>If the unjust judge will grudgingly andslowly dispense justice, will not God give speedy justice<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>to his elect who cry out for justice day and night. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>It is amazing that Jesus would use a woman asan exemplar for the behavior of the disciples given the standing of women inJudaism.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Also, the language used here isvery similar to that used of Anna the widow, who worshipped and prayed day andnight in the temple.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And she, like Simeonwas able to see the redemption of <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> in Jesus.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Luke 18:7 is themost problematic verse of the passage and there are a number of ways thatscholars have handled the translation.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Partof the problem according to Fitzmyer is &#8220;the shift from the emphatic fut. inthe preceding rhetorical question to the pres. indic. here <i style=\"\">markrothymei<\/i>.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>The other part of the problem is the meaning of the word, &#8220;have patience, belong-suffering, forebearing&#8221; doesn&#8217;t really fit &#8220;the rhetorical question inv.7a (whether it be read as pres. indic. or pres. ptc.)&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Creed translates it as &#8220;does God restrain his anger?&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Bailey believes that it means &#8220;setting aside wrath,&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xx]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> andJohnson translates it as &#8220;show patience toward them&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Jesus&#8217; concludingstatement is pretty clear, will he find faith, or the faith, when hereturns.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The character of God from theOld Testament is clear, he is just, faithful and long-suffering and they canrest assured that he will do as he promised but what of the hearers of theparable?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The exhortation is clear: will Jesusfind any like the widow, who will cry to him day and night to receive justice?<span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"> <a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\" title=\"\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Will they persevere in faith until Jesusreturns?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Or will they grow weary andforget the promises of God? <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Will theyallow the unjust actions of the world to weigh heavy on them and cause them togrow weary, or will they cry out to God to grant them justice?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Acts 12:5 may be an indication that thechurch took this exhortation to heart when they prayed for Peter while he waskept in prison.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Some see thisparable as a &#8220;twin&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxiii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>of the Parable of the Friend at Midnight (Luke 11:5-8), since both have apersistence element to them but the principle in each is different.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>One is about vindication or justice the otheris about the Holy Spirit.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The parablesour distinct in the players as well, there is a reason that Jesus choose a judgeto teach about the need to be persistence in appealing for justice and a friendin appealing for food.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Though the passageis generally free of textual critical issues and most scholars agree that thisparable is purely a Lucan parable,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxiv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>there are two areas of controversy.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Oneis whether it is to be seen as part of Luke 17:20-37. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Those that do not see a connection, believethat this is a parable about the need for persistent pray.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Thosethat see a connection between the passages believe that Jesus&#8217; teaching is&#8221;oriented toward the necessity of tenacious, hopeful faith in the midst ofpresent ordeal.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>In the passage, the Pharisees ask Jesus whenthe <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">kingdom<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place> will come and he tells them that itis within their grasp. To the disciples he explains that they should not befooled by those who say that he has returned.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>His return will be obvious, like lightening in the sky and a corpse withvultures circling, and sudden like the in the days of Noah and Lott.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Also, in this passage, Jesus states that theywill desire to see &#8220;one of the days of the Son of Man, and you will not see it.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>It is within this context that the Parable ofthe Unjust Judge is set.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>There is nochange of subject or setting<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and the use of <span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">auvtoi\/j <\/span>points to the same audience<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Bwgrkl;\">[xxviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>as the previous passage.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And Jesus seemsto be making a connection with his return 18:7-8 and a need to persevere inprayer and to not give up in 18:1.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Alsothere is a connection between 17:26 and 18:8 where each refers to the return ofthe Son of Man.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The othercontroversial aspect is what actually constitutes the parable; some believe theparable consists only of verses 2-5<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and it has generally been viewed as authentic.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxx]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Verse 1 is viewed as Luke&#8217;s introduction andBlomberg states that it is &#8220;almost universally said to have missed the point ofthe parable&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> And verses6-8 &#8220;are often attributed to later tradition or redaction.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>There are many opinions concerning 18:6-8, Hultgrennotes that most interpretations fall into one of three categories: the whole(18:2-8) originated with Jesus, the whole did not originate with Jesus, andverses 5-8 are not authentic at all and may have been &#8220;pre-Lukan&#8221; in origin.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxiii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>The Jesus Seminar &#8220;prints 18:2-5 in pink type and 18:6-8 in black.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxiv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Since there is noreal reason to dispute the authenticity of the passage, it seems clear thatJesus intends the parable to be viewed in the light of his return; in the lightof his ushering in the consummation of the kingdom.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>If the parable immediately followed thediscussion of the return of Christ, then the establishment of the kingdom wouldhave been in the forefront of the mind of those who heard the parable.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And certainly, in the mind of those who readthe parable and this appears to be the intent of the author.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>As Blomberg notes, &#8220;it is precisely by thereturn of the Son of man that God vindicates his elect.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>In that context, it would be helpful tounderstand how the disciples would have viewed the parable in light of theirpresuppositions about the <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">kingdom<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place> and God himself,in regards to justice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>The Shocking Comparison in Light of the Old Testament<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">A disciple who hadany familiarity at all with the Scriptures would have been astonished by thisparable. To compare a holy and just God to this picture of a judge who does notfear God or respect man, one who would ignore the pleas of the widow runscompletely counter to Scripture. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>This isa subversive comparison, one that turns the disciples view of God completelyaround.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Instead of viewing God as just,righteous and good, Jesus was telling them to view him like they would viewthis judge.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Many New Testament scholars mitigatethis view of God by stating that Jesus is making an &#8220;argument from lesser togreater,&#8221;<span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"> <a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\" title=\"\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span> <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>also called a &#8220;qal wehomer conclusion: God&#8217;spatience is greater, and God&#8217;s response to prayer is faster for his elect.&#8221;<span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"> <a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\" title=\"\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">But does thisreally solve the problem of this passage?<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>If Jesus wanted to make this point couldn&#8217;t he have used anotherfigure?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Couldn&#8217;t he have somehow used ajust judge who was somehow delayed in granting justice to this widow?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Before this question can be answered, thereneeds to be an examination of the depth of the problem faced.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>How far from Scripture is this picture of theunjust judge?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Following are a number ofways this passage violates the Old Testament&#8217;s view of justice , its view of a justand holy God and what was expected in the Messianic kingdom, the kingdom Jesusstated that he was within the grasp of the Pharisees.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The Old Testamentclearly teaches that God is just.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Abraham appealed to God&#8217;s justice when we pleaded with him to save Sodomand Gomorrah,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Mosessang of a God who was just and who dealt justly with his people even when theywere corrupt,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ezrain his prayer of repentance and supplication praises God for his justice,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xl]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>the Psalmist states that YHWH established his throne for justice and he judgesthe world with righteousness,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn41\" name=\"_ednref41\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xli]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>that YHWH inclines his ear to do justice for the oppressed,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn42\" name=\"_ednref42\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and that he loves justice.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn43\" name=\"_ednref43\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xliii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>God himself states that he is a God of justice<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn44\" name=\"_ednref44\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xliv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and that he practices justice.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn45\" name=\"_ednref45\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Comparing God toan unjust judge who refuses to grant a widow justice is so subversive, it acomplete reversal of what is said of God in the Old Testament.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Over and over again he states that he willgrant justice to the oppressed and specifically mentions widows.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>In Deuteronomy, he states that he executesjustice for the fatherless and the widow.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn46\" name=\"_ednref46\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>He commands <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Israel<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>to grant justice to the widow as a sign of repentance<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn47\" name=\"_ednref47\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and rebukes them when they do not.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn48\" name=\"_ednref48\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">It violates hiscommandments not to pervert justice.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn49\" name=\"_ednref49\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">There is a clearexpectation that the judge would be a just judge.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Moses was to appoint judges who would &#8220;judgethe people with righteous judgment.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn50\" name=\"_ednref50\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[l]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Thejudges were commanded to be impartial and dispense justice to all.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn51\" name=\"_ednref51\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[li]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">The judge was arepresentative of God, he judged not for man but for God and so had to reflecthis character and since there is no injustice in God, the judge had to beimpartial.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>He had to, &#8220;let the fear ofthe LORD be upon&#8221; him.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn52\" name=\"_ednref52\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>The unjust judge had no fear of God andstands in clear violation of this mandate.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">This parable alsoturns on its head the view of God in the extra biblical writings of the daysuch as Ben Sirach and Ecclesiasticus.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn53\" name=\"_ednref53\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[liii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>God will not &#8220;ignore the supplication ofthe fatherless, nor the widow when she pours out her story.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn54\" name=\"_ednref54\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[liv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>And Bailey states that the &#8220;Jewish legal tradition required that on the basisof Isaiah 1:17 &#8216;the suit of an orphan must always be heard first; next, that ofa widow.&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn55\" name=\"_ednref55\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">But one of themost amazing aspects of this parable is that it stands counter to what wasexpected in the Messianic kingdom.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Whatwould have confused the disciples at this point is that if the kingdom waswithin the grasp of the Pharisees as Jesus had said in the previous narrative,then why would there be a delay for justice?<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Why would they have to pray repeatedly for something that the Messiahwas expected to bring? Justice and righteousness were a main component of theMessianic reign, the Scriptures are clear on this: one who judges and seeksjustice will sit in the tent of David,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn56\" name=\"_ednref56\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>the throne of David will be upheld withjustice and righteousness,<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn57\" name=\"_ednref57\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>and God&#8217;s Servant will bring forth justice to the nations.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn58\" name=\"_ednref58\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Yet, here is Jesus telling them that theywill have to pray repeatedly for justice.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Just as the widow should have received justice as the hands of a judgein the land that was governed by the law of God, the disciples may havebelieved that justice and vindication were there due in the reign of theMessiah in the <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">kingdom<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place>.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Their view of the kingdom was turned upsidedown by this parable and its implications for them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">All of the individualparts of this parable would have elicited a negative response from those thatheard it and when Jesus compared God to the unjust judge that would have beenoutrageous and counter to everything that they knew about justice up to thispoint.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>As demonstrated above, thedoctrine of justice was clearly laid out in the Old Testament and easy todiscern, there is no equivocating that God is a just God and will not allowwrong doing to go unpunished.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Thedisciples would have known this and it would have been a major source ofwonder.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>A Proposed Solution to the Problem<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Why would Jesususe a picture of God that is so completely opposite of who he is and what canbe expected of him?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Why would he choosea judge who will not dispense justice as the picture of a God who will freelydispense justice and who loves justice? Could Jesus have used a just judge torepresent God?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>But why would a justjudge delay justice? That was a question that the Israelites asked themselvesrepeatedly, &#8220;How long O Lord?&#8221;<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn59\" name=\"_ednref59\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Itwas a question of the Psalmist and the prophets.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>How long would a holy God allow wickedness toprosper, to allow those who are doing his will to be persecuted andkilled?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>When could a righteous peopleexpect vindication? <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>When would theyreceive the kingdom that was promised to them by God?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>When would they be able to dwell inrighteousness?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The poor in spirit werepromised the <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">kingdom<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">God<\/st1:placename><\/st1:place>, when would theyreceive it?<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Would not God&#8217;s people startviewing him as the unjust judge who refuses to grant the justice even thoughthey go to him repeatedly?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Jesus could notuse the example of a just judge who was somehow impeded by an outside force togrant justice to the widow. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>This picturewould have been counter to the principle Jesus was trying to teach.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Jesus&#8217; return has nothing to do with anoutside force stopping him from returning to execute justice and to vindicatethe elect by his return.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>What isstopping him from returning is the will of the Father.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>This is the point of similarity between theunjust judge and God, the will to execute justice when they deem it desirableto do so; the unjust judge for purposes of evil, his own perverted desires and thepurpose of God for righteousness and justice, when it is the appointed time todo so.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Just as the widowreturned to the judge to receive what was her right, justice, the church shouldpray to the Lord that they would receive what is their right, justice andvindication that is accomplished when Jesus returns.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And as the unjust judge decided it was in hisbest interest to grant the request, God will speedily grant the church&#8217;srequest for vindication and justice on those who persecute them.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>But the church has a far greater promise forjustice than the widow because Jesus promised that the church would receive itand in the book of Revelation, it is clear that he delivers on that promise.<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn60\" name=\"_ednref60\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lx]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Andif they begin to think that the Lord tarries, they have this promise that he isnot slow to respond, that he will bring about their vindication speedily.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>A Modern Interpretation of the Parable<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Howshould a Christian view this passage today?<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Clearly, this passage should be viewed in a very similar way as theearly church and the church throughout history.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Christ&#8217;s delay in returning and the persecution of the church haveremained a constant through the history of the church.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Just as the early church experience injusticeat the hands of those in power, so does the church today suffer injustice atthe hands of unjust men.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Reading thispassage should be an encouragement to them to persevere and to take theirpetition to the Lord because he invites them to do so and he promises to answertheir cry for justice speedily.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And whenthey grow weary and want to give up because they can see no end to theirsuffering, they can remember this persistent widow who refused to give up, eventhough she was coming before an unjust judge.<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>They come before a just God, who desires to grant them justice; helistens to their pleas and promises to give them justice speedily.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span>Andthe church has something far greater to encourage it in perseverance and hopethat God will do as he promised because the church has the example of thevindication of Christ.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>The empty tombtestifies to Christ&#8217;s vindication<a style=\"\" href=\"#_edn61\" name=\"_ednref61\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lxi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> andassures us that we will one day be vindicated as Christ was at hisresurrection.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>He was jeered, persecutedand tortured but he remained steadfast in his obedience to the will ofGod.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>He was proved to be the Son of Godby the acceptance of his sinless offering on the cross.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Only God is holy enough to be the perfectsacrifice for sin and the empty tomb speaks volumes that God accepted theatonement of Christ&#8217;s death.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>And hisresurrection is the church&#8217;s assurance that he will bring justice to those whopersecute his people.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><b style=\"\"><u>Conclusion<o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;\">Though the versessurrounding the parable are in dispute the details of the actual parable areclear: the church is exhorted to approach God the way the widow approached theunjust judge who refused to grant her justice, repeatedly until she wore himdown. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>The church is to come to Godrepeatedly, to encourage the church to persevere, that the God who lovesjustice will hear their prayers and will answer them.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>He has promised to do so, and the church cansee that he is a God who grants justice to those who cry out day andnight.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>They know that he loves justicebecause he sent his Son to obtain it for his people.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Without that sacrifice they could not becalled his people.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Thanks be unto Godfor his unspeakable gift.<\/p>\n<div style=\"\"><!--[if !supportEndnotes]--><br clear=\"all\" \/><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" align=\"left\"><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn1\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[i]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Luke17:22<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn2\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[ii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> <st1:place w:st=\"on\">I.<\/st1:place> Howard Marshall, <i style=\"\">TheGospel of Luke<\/i> (Great Britain: The Paternoster Press Ltd, 1978), 671<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn3\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[iii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Darrell L. Bock, <i style=\"\">Luke Volume 2:9:51-24:53<\/i>(Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books, 1996), 1447<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn4\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[iv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>, AlfredPlummer, <i style=\"\">The Gospel According to St. Luke<\/i>(New York: Charles Scribner&#8217;s Sons, 1906), 411; Benjamin B. Warfield, <i style=\"\">Selected Shorter Writings of Benjamin B.Warfield<\/i> <i style=\"\">&#8211; II<\/i> (Nutley, NewJersey: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1973), 698-710; <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn5\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[v]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> &#8220;Thejustice mentioned here is nothing but the deliverance (from oppression) towhich God&#8217;s people (his elect) may lay claim as the salvation promised them bytheir king.&#8221;<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>He also notes a similaritybetween the cry for justice of the disciples and that of the psalmist (Psalm43;1); Herman Ridderbos, <i style=\"\">The ComingKingdom<\/i> (Philadelphia, Pa.: The Presbyterian and Reformed PublishingCompany, 1962), 191<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn6\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[vi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Revelation 6:10<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn7\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[vii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Blomberg believes that Jesus is referring to the faith of the widow, &#8220;thespecific kind of faith just illustrated.&#8221; Craig L Blomberg, <i style=\"\">Interpreting the Parables<\/i> (DownersGrove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1990), 272 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn8\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[viii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Bock,1447<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn9\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[ix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>According to Creed and Green, this type of &#8220;soliloquy&#8221; was common in Luke(12:17; 15:17; 16:3). John Martin Creed, <i style=\"\">TheGospel According to St. Luke<\/i> (New York: ST. Martin&#8217;s Press, 1957),<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>223; Joel B. Green, The Gospel of Luke,(Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1997), 640.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn10\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[x]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> It is aboxing term that Paul uses in 1 Corinthians 9:27 (Bailey, 136).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn11\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> KennethE. Bailey, <i style=\"\">Through Peasant Eyes<\/i> (GrandRapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1980), 132.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn12\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Bailey, 136<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn13\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xiii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Green, 641<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn14\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xiv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>According to Green, the phrase is used of Jesus as a &#8220;reminder that Jesus&#8217;followers may learn profound lessons about discipleship (oriented toward thecoming age) from worldly examples (oriented toward this age);&#8221; (Green, 641).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn15\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ridderbos writes &#8220;when there is question of speed in God&#8217;s action, we shouldalways remember that such speed is subject to God&#8217;s fulgilling his own counsel&#8221;(511).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn16\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Luke2:36-38<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn17\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> JosephA. Fitzmyer, <i style=\"\">The Gospel According to Luke(X-XXIV)<\/i> (Garden City, New York: Doubleday &amp; Company, Inc., 1985),1180. According to Blomberg, studies have stated that &#8220;it is a dependent clausein an adversative or concessive relationship to what precedes (the <span style=\"font-family: Bwgrkl;\">kai.<\/span><span style=\"\">Perhaps reflecting an underlyingAramaic stative clause);&#8221; (272).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn18\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn19\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Meaning &#8220;is God patient at the misdoings ofthose who ill-treat the elect?&#8221; Creed, 223.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn20\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xx]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> He usesMatthew 18:26; Romans 2:4, 9:22; 1 Peter 3:20 and 2 Peter 3:9 to support histranslation (Bailey, 138-39).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn21\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>&#8220;Butthe overwhelming use of <i style=\"\">makrothymeo<\/i>and its cognates is with in the context of judicial restraint andlong-suffering, or tolerance (cf. e.g., Jer 15:15; Prov 19:11; Sir 29:8).<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>It is a quality most associated in the LXXwith God (see sir 18:11);&#8221; Luke Timothy Johnson, <i style=\"\">Gospel of Luke<\/i>, Sacra Pagina 3 (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press[A Michael Glazier Book], 1991), 270.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn22\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Johnson, 273<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn23\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxiii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Hultgren notes six points of similarity. Arland J. Hultgren, <i style=\"\">The Parables of Jesus<\/i> (<st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:city w:st=\"on\">Grand Rapids<\/st1:city>, <st1:state w:st=\"on\">Michigan<\/st1:state><\/st1:place>:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2000),<span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>253.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn24\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxiv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Bockmakes extensive notion of the exceptions (1445).<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>Bailey notes several points of similaritybetween the parable and Ben Sirach 35:15-19 and believes that Sirach was thebases of the parable (127-141).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn25\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Warfield, 699<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn26\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Green, 637; Though there are some like Plummer who see a connection but believethat the parable is about persistent prayer in general and not just about thereturn of Christ (411).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn27\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Green, 638<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn28\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Plummer, 411; Morris, 262; Bock 1446<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn29\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Accordingto Fitzmyer, Bultmann, J\u00c3\u00bclicher, Gr\u00c3\u00a4sser and Grundmann view the application ofthe parable in vv. 6-8 as &#8220;certainly secondary&#8221; (Fitztzmyer, 1320).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn30\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxx]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Blomberg, 273<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn31\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn32\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn33\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxiii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Aswell as noting the positions, he notes those who hold each (Hultgren, pg. 257).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn34\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxiv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Bock, 1445<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn35\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Blomberg, 273<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn36\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Green, 637.<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>See also Bailey, 137.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn37\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Johnson, 273. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn38\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Genesis 18:25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn39\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xxxix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Deuteronomy 32:4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn40\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xl]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ezra9:15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn41\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xli]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Psalm9:7-8; 89:14; 97:2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn42\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Psalm10:17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn43\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xliii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Psalm 33:5; 37:28<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn44\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref44\" name=\"_edn44\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xliv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Isaiah 30:18<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn45\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref45\" name=\"_edn45\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Je<span style=\"\" lang=\"FR\">remiah 9:24 <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn46\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref46\" name=\"_edn46\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\" lang=\"FR\"> Deuteronomy 10:17-18; 24:17<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn47\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref47\" name=\"_edn47\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\" lang=\"FR\"> Isaiah 1:17<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn48\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref48\" name=\"_edn48\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Isaiah1:23<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn49\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref49\" name=\"_edn49\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[xlix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\" lang=\"FR\"> Exodus 23:1-3<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn50\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref50\" name=\"_edn50\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[l]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\"> <span lang=\"FR\">Deuteronomy 16:18-20<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn51\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref51\" name=\"_edn51\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[li]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"\" lang=\"FR\"> Leviticus 19:15; Deuteronomy 1:16-17<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn52\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref52\" name=\"_edn52\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> 2Chronicles 19:6-7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn53\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref53\" name=\"_edn53\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[liii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Sirach 35:12-26; Ecclesiasticus 35:15-25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn54\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref54\" name=\"_edn54\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[liv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sirach35:14<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn55\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref55\" name=\"_edn55\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lv]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Bailey,133<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn56\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref56\" name=\"_edn56\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lvi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Isaiah16:5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn57\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref57\" name=\"_edn57\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lvii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Isaiah9:7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn58\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref58\" name=\"_edn58\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lviii]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Isaiah42:1-4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn59\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref59\" name=\"_edn59\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lix]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a> Psalm6; 13:3-4; 94:3; Habakkuk 1:2 <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn60\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref60\" name=\"_edn60\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lx]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Revelation 20:13-15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"\" id=\"edn61\">\n<p class=\"MsoEndnoteText\"><a style=\"\" href=\"#_ednref61\" name=\"_edn61\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoEndnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">[lxi]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a>Bailey, 140<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is my exegetical paper for Gospels. I wrote it at the same time I wrote an exegetical paper for Old Testament History and Theology which I won&#8217;t be posting since I was very disappointed with it. I had great hopes for it and parts of it were really pretty good but I punted on&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,402],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-christianity","category-religion-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge - Reformed Chicks Blabbing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge - Reformed Chicks Blabbing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is my exegetical paper for Gospels. I wrote it at the same time I wrote an exegetical paper for Old Testament History and Theology which I won&#8217;t be posting since I was very disappointed with it. I had great hopes for it and parts of it were really pretty good but I punted on&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Reformed Chicks Blabbing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-08-11T00:16:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Susan Johnson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge - Reformed Chicks Blabbing","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge - Reformed Chicks Blabbing","og_description":"This is my exegetical paper for Gospels. I wrote it at the same time I wrote an exegetical paper for Old Testament History and Theology which I won&#8217;t be posting since I was very disappointed with it. I had great hopes for it and parts of it were really pretty good but I punted on&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html","og_site_name":"Reformed Chicks Blabbing","article_published_time":"2008-08-11T00:16:14+00:00","author":"Susan Johnson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html","url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html","name":"Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge - Reformed Chicks Blabbing","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/#website"},"datePublished":"2008-08-11T00:16:14+00:00","dateModified":"2008-08-11T00:16:14+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/#\/schema\/person\/b4e41455e911277a4681a65e81271065"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/2008\/08\/luke-1818-the-parable-of-the-u.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Luke 18:1-8: The Parable of the Unjust Judge"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/","name":"Reformed Chicks Blabbing","description":"Politics and current events from a Reformed perspective, by Michele McGinty","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/#\/schema\/person\/b4e41455e911277a4681a65e81271065","name":"Susan Johnson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-content\/wphb-cache\/gravatar\/020\/02041661cf28a19369e083191c05c819x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-content\/wphb-cache\/gravatar\/020\/02041661cf28a19369e083191c05c819x96.jpg","caption":"Susan Johnson"},"url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/author\/sjohnson"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/119"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5635"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5635\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/reformedchicksblabbing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}