{"id":632,"date":"2015-04-13T12:00:05","date_gmt":"2015-04-13T12:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/?p=632"},"modified":"2015-04-16T16:15:48","modified_gmt":"2015-04-16T16:15:48","slug":"matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html","title":{"rendered":"Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>So\u2026were there really 13 apostles of Jesus?<\/p>\n<p>The New Testament gives four separate listings of Jesus\u2019 inner-circle disciples, a group of men known as \u201cthe Twelve.\u201d The list in Matthew 10:2-4 claims to be a complete summary of \u201cthe names of the twelve apostles.\u201d That list includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Simon (who is called Peter)<\/li>\n<li>Andrew<\/li>\n<li>James son of Zebedee<\/li>\n<li>John<\/li>\n<li>Philip<\/li>\n<li>Bartholomew<\/li>\n<li>Thomas<\/li>\n<li>Matthew the tax collector<\/li>\n<li>James son of Alphaeus<\/li>\n<li>Thaddaeus (sometimes written as Lebbaeus)<\/li>\n<li>Simon the Zealot<\/li>\n<li>Judas Iscariot (the betrayer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mark\u2019s list (in Mark 3:16-19) is identical to Matthew\u2019s except that the order of the names is changed. But a question arises in the lists found in Luke 6:14-16 and Acts 1:13. In these lists, 11 of the 12 are the same as those in Matthew (though Judas Iscariot is left off the list in Acts). The name of Thaddeus, though, is not included by Luke in either his gospel of the book of Acts (which Luke also wrote). Additionally, another name\u2014\u201cJudas son of James\u201d\u2014is added to the list of apostles in both of Luke\u2019s books.<\/p>\n<p>So what gives? Where there really 13 apostles? Most Bible historians think the answer is no.<\/p>\n<p>The literary and historical evidence suggest that, just as Simon was also called Peter, Judas son of James was also called Thaddeus\u2014a nickname that he preferred exclusively after Christ\u2019s death and resurrection. As such, most theologians believe Biblical mentions of \u201cJudas son of James\u201d and \u201cThaddeus\u201d actually refer to the same person. Dr. Michael Wilkins comments, \u201cAfter the name Judas became stigmatized because of the traitorous Judas Iscariot, Judas the son of James changed his name to Thaddeus. In that case, Matthew and Mark provided the safer and alternative name, while Luke stuck with the controversial name.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/workscited.html\">Works Cited<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>[HAC, 75-76]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2126\u2126\u2126<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"About: Bible Study Nerds\" href=\"http:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/about-for-bible-study-nerds.html\">About: For Bible Study Nerds\u2122<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"About: Mike Nappa\" href=\"http:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/about-mike-nappa.html\">About: Mike Nappa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Copyright \u00a9 2014 to present by\u00a0<a title=\"Nappaland Communications Inc. official website\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nappaland.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nappaland Communications Inc<\/a>. All Rights Reserved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So\u2026were there really 13 apostles of Jesus? The New Testament gives four separate listings of Jesus\u2019 inner-circle disciples, a group of men known as \u201cthe Twelve.\u201d The list in Matthew 10:2-4 claims to be a complete summary of \u201cthe names of the twelve apostles.\u201d That list includes: Simon (who is called Peter) Andrew James son&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":571,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,2],"tags":[286,16,287],"class_list":["post-632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cross-referencecomparisons","category-matthew","tag-apostles","tag-jesus","tag-the-twelve"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons) - For Bible Study Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, nofollow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons) - For Bible Study Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"So\u2026were there really 13 apostles of Jesus? The New Testament gives four separate listings of Jesus\u2019 inner-circle disciples, a group of men known as \u201cthe Twelve.\u201d The list in Matthew 10:2-4 claims to be a complete summary of \u201cthe names of the twelve apostles.\u201d That list includes: Simon (who is called Peter) Andrew James son&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"For Bible Study Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-04-13T12:00:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-04-16T16:15:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mike Nappa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons) - For Bible Study Nerds","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"nofollow"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons) - For Bible Study Nerds","og_description":"So\u2026were there really 13 apostles of Jesus? The New Testament gives four separate listings of Jesus\u2019 inner-circle disciples, a group of men known as \u201cthe Twelve.\u201d The list in Matthew 10:2-4 claims to be a complete summary of \u201cthe names of the twelve apostles.\u201d That list includes: Simon (who is called Peter) Andrew James son&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html","og_site_name":"For Bible Study Nerds","article_published_time":"2015-04-13T12:00:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-04-16T16:15:48+00:00","author":"Mike Nappa","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html","url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html","name":"Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons) - For Bible Study Nerds","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-04-13T12:00:05+00:00","dateModified":"2015-04-16T16:15:48+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/#\/schema\/person\/a0ce37903172885871b0c504c6694575"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/2015\/04\/matthew-101-42-jesus-sends-out-the-twelve-cross-reference-comparisons.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Matthew 10:1-42; Jesus Sends Out the Twelve (Cross-Reference Comparisons)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/","name":"For Bible Study Nerds","description":"Beliefnet Voices - Mike Nappa","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/#\/schema\/person\/a0ce37903172885871b0c504c6694575","name":"Mike Nappa","description":"Mike Nappa is an entertainment journalist at FamilyFans.com, a bestselling author\u2014and a notorious Bible Study Nerd. He's a former youth pastor who shepherded kids on staff at Chuck Swindoll's church in Southern California\u2014and he's a bestselling and award-winning author with more than a million copies of his books sold worldwide. Plus, he holds a degree in Christian Education with an emphasis in Bible Theology. So, you know, he\u2019s got that going for him. Mike is also a pop culture dork who watches too much TV, reads too many comic books, utters too many bad words, laughs at all the wrong jokes, and often gets in trouble because he says whatever he happens to be thinking at the moment\u2014like quoting an R-rated movie in the middle of a sermon. Yeah, he\u2019s a mess (just like you!), but he kind of likes it that way. Most of all, Mike Nappa loves Jesus, and he figures that covers over a multitude of sins. Learn more at nappaland.com\/mikenappa.","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.biblestudynerds.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/author\/mnappa"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/571"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=632"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":660,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions\/660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beliefnet.com\/columnists\/forbiblestudynerds\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}