Definition

Antibiotic-associated colitis is an inflammation of the colon (a part of the large intestine). This condition results in diarrhea .

Normal Anatomy of the Intestines

© 2008 Nucleus Medical Art, Inc.

Causes

Antibiotic-associated colitis is caused by a growth of harmful bacteria (often the bacterium, Clostridium difficile ) in the intestinal tract. The growth is usually caused by using antibiotics.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. The following risk factors increase your chance of having antibiotic-associated colitis. If you have any of these risk factors, tell your doctor:

• Antibiotic use
• Elderly age
• Current exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), but not aspirin
• Hospitalization
• Proton pump inhibitor use

Symptoms

If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to antibiotic-associated colitis. These symptoms may be caused by other, less serious health conditions. If you experience any one of them, see your physician.

• Loose stools
• Bloody diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Rarely, nausea and vomiting
• Dehydration
• Low blood pressure

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. Tests may include the following:

• Stool samples—to identify the toxins produced by the bacteria
• Colonoscopy —a thin, lighted tube inserted through the rectum and into the colon to examine the lining of the colon

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:

Prevention

The best way to prevent antibiotic-associated colitis is to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection has been confirmed.